Genesis 5:28-32 Commentary


THOMAS HAWEIS COMMENTARY

Verses 28-32: Good and bad men have the same names, but their characters easily distinguish them; Lamech the saint, from Lamech the sinner. He had many sons, but one most remarkable. We have, 

1. His name: Noah; rest. They expected in him a comfort from their toils. Children should be a rest for their parents; happy they who can say, by experience of their dutifulness and affection, this same shall comfort us.

2. His family. Shem, Ham, and Japeth. They are particularly mentioned, because of the subsequent transactions: Shem, though first in name, is not first in age; but as he was first in God’s favor, he obtains the preference. God’s gifts are his own, if he chooses one and not another, who shall accuse him of partiality? Or say to him, What doest thou? Shem signifies name: for from him is to descend the seed, who is above every name.  Note, If the name of Christian be ours indeed, the birthright and blessing are entailed on it: we shall be counted among the church of the first-born whose names are written in heaven.

Genesis 5:25, 26, 27 Commentary


THOMAS HAWEIS COMMENTARY

Verses 25-27: Methuselah died in the year of the deluge, as if taken away from the evil to come. He exceeded all men in length of days, but died too: every man living is altogether vanity. When we consider that a thousand years and one day are alike compared with eternity, the difference of the age of Methuselah, and the child that breathed only, and died, vanishes into nothing. If eternity is so vast, and time so vain, how careful should we be to redeem the one, in order to secure the other!

Genesis 5:29 Commentary


 THOMAS SCOTT COMMENTARY

Verse 29.  Noah signifies rest, or refreshing.—Perhaps Lamech had respect to the promise (Ge 3:15), and might hope he had obtained the promised Seed; but it is more likely that he spake by the Spirit of prophecy, which revealed to him that Noah would be an extraordinary person; and not only a great comfort to his parents and relatives amidst their toils and sorrows, but likewise a great blessing to mankind; with special reference to the preservation of the human species with him in the ark, which typified the salvation of sinners by Jesus Christ. He was also thus marked out as the progenitor of the promised Seed.—It is generally thought that Noah greatly improved the art of husbandry, and to lessened the labour before required in cultivating the earth (Ge 9:20).

Genesis 5:21-24 Commentary


THOMAS SCOTT COMMENTARY

Verses 21-24. “Walking with God” is a figurative description of the intimate communion which subsists between a merciful God and true believers. “Can two walk together except they be agreed?” (Am 3:3.) Without coincidence in sentiment, judgment, and disposition, there can be no cordial union or harmony. But man is naturally partial to those things which God abhors and forbids, and averse from those which he loves and commands. Man’s understanding is darkened, his judgment perverted, his affections depraved, and his taste vitiated by sin; so that, in almost every thing, his views, his choice, his desires and pursuits, are the reverse of those which h the Scripture requires. Thus he is induced to talk contrary to God, to contract guilty, and merit condemnation. A sinner’s walk with God, therefore, commences with the change of his judgment and disposition by divine grace. Then he begins to repent of his sins, to despise the world in comparison of the favour of God, to “hunger and thirst after righteousness,” to seek forgiveness and acceptance in the way of God’s appointment, and to devote himself to His love and service, and the pursuit of holiness. Having been thus reconciled to God, he walks with him by habitual repentance, and “faith in our Lord Jesus Christ;” in a realizing regard to the presence of God in his whole conduct; a daily dependence on his promise, providence, and grace, for all things needful for soul and body; and a continual attention to his word, that from thence he may learn His truth and will, and derive the peace and comfort of his salvation; by pouring out his heart before the Lord in fervent prayer and grateful praise; by a believing, reverential, and delightful attendance on all the ordinances of his worship, and an open profession of his faith and love; by a conscientious obedience to all his commandments, without regarding the praise or censure of men; by submission to his providential appointments; and finally, by attention to every relative obligation, a careful improvement of every talent, a circumspect conversation, and endeavoring to “adorn the doctrine of God our Saviour in all things,” and to recommend religion to all around him.—The Lord, on His part, answers the expectations of those who walk with him. He supplies their wants, interposes in their emergencies, and evidences His care of them. He meets them in his ordinances, teaches them from His word, answers their prayers, accepts their services; communicates, by His Spirit, wisdom, strength, and consolation to their souls, and is indeed their Guide, Companion, and Counselor through life: and at length he meets them at death, and takes them into “His presence, where is fullness of joy.” Thus ends the walk of faith; for thenceforth they walk by sight, and see him as he is; being for ever with him, and like him in holiness and felicity.—But “Enoch was translated that he should not see death” (Heb 11:5-6). In the prime of life, according to those times, he was taken from earth to heaven, in the body, without feeling the pangs of death, “having received this testimony, that he had pleased God.” Therefore “he was not” on earth: neither his friends nor his persecutors could find him. He was a preacher of righteousness, and if we may judge by the specimen left on record (Jude 1:14-15), his plain and alarming address could not fail greatly to enrage the daring sinners among whom he lived. But God effectually rescued him from their malice, testified his approbation of his conduct, and gave a convincing proof of the invisible world, and of the future state of recompense. ‘It is possible also that the translation of this holy man might be conferred, in order to show what should have been common to all, had man persisted in his obedience—a translation from the earthly to the heavenly paradise.’—Fuller.

THOMAS HAWEIS COMMENTARY

Verses 21-24: In the foregoing generations, nothing is said of their characters; their descent bids us hope, they imitated their father. But here God singles out one to be the imitation of future ages, as he was the glory of that in which he lived.

Observe,

1. His conversation in the world. He walked with God.

(1.) His practice was agreeable to God’s will: he maintained a happy communion with him; his soul was weaned from the vanities of the world, and fixed on God as his only portion.  Note, The life of every Christian is walking with God. 1. As a reconciled sinner, through the blood of Christ. 2. As a restored soul, through the Spirit of Christ. 3. As an obedient servant, according to the word of Christ. 4. As an observant worshipper in all ordinances: and an attentive improver of all providences. 5. As happy in the fellowship obtained with God, through his dear Son. 6. As a constant expectant of God’s appearing to take us to himself, that we may behold his glory.

(2.) His preaching. He not only himself lived for God, but he labored for God. Jude 1:25. Boldly rebuking sin, and encouraging the faithful in their adherence to God, from the prospect of the appearance of the Lord to judge the ungodly, and to reward his saints.

(3.) His perseverance herein. To the end of his days. –There seems no reason to apprehend he did not walk with God before; we are assured, however, after he begat Methuselah, he did three hundred years. Every true saint of God is known by his perseverance. It was a long while to live thus in a wicked world, but he walked by faith. Note, True Faith never faileth.

2. His translation from earth to heaven. It was his business and happiness to live for God; it is his reward to live with God. He was in the prime of life when God took him: had not, according to general reckoning, lived out half his days: but surely he was a wonderful gainer by the exchange. He quitted a wicked world, for a heavenly kingdom, a life of toil, for a rest in glory; a scene of vanity, for bliss eternal. Note, We ought not too much to lament for our dear friends that die in the Lord, lest our selfishness, rather than our affection, appear. Though the child be robbed from the tender parents, the husband from his weeping family, or the zealous minister from his desolate flock: the loss indeed is ours, the gain is theirs. They have lived enough whom God takes to himself: the days that are cut off from the labors of time, shall be added to the rewards of eternity. –Early deaths, and sudden deaths, are reckoned untimely; but who can think it untimely to go to the bosom of Jesus? or who should grieve that

No painful agonies need to untie, The soul that’s ready to ascend on high, And mourns its exile from it native sky?

3. The manner of this translation. He was caught up, perhaps visibly, as Elijah afterwards, into heaven: his body changed, in the twinkling of an eye, from corruption to incorruption, from dishonor to glory, from natural to spiritual, and his soul freed from every spot of sin, made meet for an inheritance among the saints in light. We may not hope for such a change, but we expect an equivalent; the arm of death which snatches the believer from the earth, shall carry him to the place whither Enoch is gone before.

4. The grand principle, which influenced him to such a conduct, and brought him to such an end; Faith in the Lord Jesus Christ, Heb 11:5 Note, (1.) Faith only can enable us to walk with God. (2.) Thus shall we please God. (3.) God will testify his pleasure in such a walk, by his witness in our hearts now, and by his approbation in a judgment day. (4.) Eminent believers shall have singular honors, as one star differeth from another in glory.

Genesis 5:6-20 Commentary


THOMAS SCOTT COMMENTARY

Verses 4-20. The Greek translation of the Bible, called the Septuagint, varies from our version, which was made from the Hebrew, both in this genealogy and in that which follows (Ge 11:10-26). In particular, by the addition of a hundred years to the age of six of these patriarchs, before their sons here mentioned were born, and deducting them from the subsequent part of their lives, making the sum total the same. Thus the space between the creation and the deluge is made six hundred years more than in our account: and by a similar addition, with other variations, the space between the deluge and the birth of Abraham is made almost nine hundred years more. But the original Hebrew is best intitled to our confidence; and the difference may be ascribed to some mistakes in the numeral letters; or rather, perhaps, to a vanity in the translators, which as been common in many nations, of ascribing a very remote antiquity to the commencement of their history.—The individuals here mentioned might not be the first-born, as Seth was not the eldest son of Adam; but the genealogy was continued through them, not only from Adam to Noah, but afterwards even to Christ, “the second Adam, the Lord from heaven.”

THOMAS HAWEIS COMMENTARY

Verses 6-20: Adam’s descendants are recounted to the sixth generation. He lived to see the earth overspread, and replenished with inhabitants. The account of Seth’s posterity is dwelt upon: while Cain’s is only mentioned, and no more. God’s saints are precious in his sight.

Observe, 1. How death passed upon all. Their lives were long indeed, but the burden of the tale is, and he died. Health, riches, wisdom, and what is better, godliness makes no distinction here; “‘Tis all thou art, and all the proud must be.”

2. The length of their lives. Many ages. Though death was entered, his ravages were retained, either by the excellent temperature of the air, and the wholesomeness of their food, in which the antediluvian world, no doubt, far exceeded the present; or by the power of God, who preserved men’s lives to overspread the earth the sooner, or rather that the true religion might be thus preserved from corruption. A sinner looks back with regret on these lives of ages, and wishes their return; a saint of God rejoices in his happier lot, that he is not left so long to groan in this tabernacle, being burthened.

Genesis 5:3, 4, 5 Commentary


THOMAS SCOTT COMMENTARY

Verse 3. The distinction between Adam created in the likeness of God, and Set begotten in the likeness of Adam after the fall, is very remarkable.—It is generally allowed that Adam and Eve were  personally pardoned, and recovered to holiness: but Adam was no longer the representative of his posterity, as he was when he transgressed the covenant; thus he communicated to them that nature which he had as a sinner, not the new nature which he had as a believer.—Seth also seems to have been a godly person; not as begotten by Adam, but as born again of the Spirit; and this seems to have been noted in respect of him, lest Cain’s wickedness should be ascribed to other causes, and Abel’s righteousness to the goodness of his natural disposition, and not to the grace of God. But indeed the character and conduct of all Seth’s posterity (Christ alone excepted), plainly testify what that image was in which he was begotten.

THOMAS HAWEIS COMMENTARY

Verses 3-5: No notice is taken of what other children he begat; thou in virtue of the blessing, he begat many before, as well as after Seth. 1. The time of his birth. The 130th year, a long space, and full of trouble: now there is a little sunshine after the dark cloud. We need be thankful for every mercy in the way, and wait in this vale of tears with patience, till our appointed change comes. 2. What is said of him?  He begat him in his own likeness, not in the image of God, in which he himself was created, but in the likeness of his own corrupt and fallen self. Miserable effects of sin! We can entail nothing now upon our offspring but sin, and the cause of it. Grace doth not run in the blood, but corruption doth. 3. His age and death; certain to come, though long delayed; may we often remember it, and learn from the view, so to number our days, as to apply our hearts unto wisdom.

Genesis 5:1-2 Commentary


THOMAS SCOTT COMMENTARY

Verses 1-2. This chapter is a brief history of the posterity of Adam, in that line from which all the human race since the flood is descended, and of them alone; for the immense numbers which sprang from the other braches of the families, in each generation, are barely mentioned. The former chapters seem also referred to, as the authentic records of the original of the world, and of the human race.—Adam was the name, not only of the first man, but also of the species: it is supposed to have been derived from the  red colour of the earth out of which his body was formed.

THOMAS HAWEIS COMMENTARY

Genesis Chapter 5. - Before Christ, 4004-2948

 This chapter is the only authentic history extant of the first age of the world, from the creation to the flood. It contains an account of the descendants of Seth to Noah, and is preserved, and from these continued down to Christ, Lu 3:36, who was the seed of the woman, that was promised. We have here an account, 1. Concerning Adam, ver. 1-5. 2. Seth, ver. 6-8. 3. Enos, ver. 9-11. 4. Cainan, ver. 12-14. 5. Mahaleel, ver, 15-17. 6. Jared, ver. 18-20. 7. Enoch, ver. 21-24. 8. Methuselah, ver. 25-27. 9. Lamech and his son Noah, ver. 28. ad finem. All scripture being given by inspiration of God, is profitable, though not all alike profitable.

Verses 1-2: We have a recital here of what was largely treated of before. ‘Tis useful that man should often be reminded of his Maker, for he is strangely apt to forget him. We have here, 1. His name; this was not so expressly mentioned before; it signifies red earth, to point him to his original, and signify his subjection; and both have one name, for they have one nature, and by marriage are one flesh; let the man love his wife then, even as himself. 2. His generations. His own and his posterity’s; the only valuable genealogy is this: to know, not from whom we come, but from whom Christ came. The greatest man living is but the son of the dust; of the earth, earthy; the only noble extraction is to be related to the Lord from heaven.

MORE COMMENTARIES

Genesis 5:28-32 Commentary 
Genesis 5:25, 26, 27 Commentary
Genesis 5:29 Commentary
Genesis 5:21-24 Commentary
Genesis 5:6-20 Commentary
Genesis 5:3, 4, 5 Commentary
Genesis 5:1-2 Commentary

Genesis 4:10-12 Commentary


THOMAS SCOTT COMMENTARY

Verses 10-12. Thus god called upon Cain to reflect on the horrid nature and aggravated circumstances of his crime, and the vengeance due to him, in order to awaken his remorse and alarm his fears.—Understand hatred, and proud revenge, producing premeditated murder, while men were comparatively few in number, and probably none had yet died; the murder of a brother, in cruel disregard to their common parents, for no other cause than the excellency of his character, and envy excited by the favour which God had shown him; a malignant hatred of holiness, daring contempt of the Lord himself, and determined enmity to Him; were united in this one crime.—The justice and holiness of the great Governor of the universe render it so proper for Him to punish offenders, that they, who suffer flagrant wrong, are often spoken of in Scripture, as loudly calling upon Him to execute vengeance on their injurers. And as He witnesses the secret crimes which elude human justice, so those  crimes themselves are represented as demanding the punishment of the offenders from the Judge of all, “to whom vengeance belongs.” Thus Abel’s blood called, as with a loud voice, to the Lord to punish the murderer: and Cain’s enormous crime exposed him to so awful and deserved a curse, that the very elements were ready to rise up in arms against him, as the Creator’s instruments of vengeance; and the earth would withhold her wonted increase, because he had forced her to drink the blood of righteous Abel.—There is vast majesty and energy in thus personifying the inanimate creatures, and representing them as uniting against Cain.—In consequence of his crime, he would also be dreaded and detested, and the sight of him compelled to leave their society,. And to wander as a vagabond in distant parts, filled with anguish, and made a terror to himself. 

(Groaning and trembling.—Sept.)

THOMAS HAWEIS COMMENTARY

Verses 10-12: We have here, 1. God’s reply, pointed with conviction, covering him with confusion,  What hast thou done? The voice of thy brother’s blood crieth unto me from the ground. Blood hath a voice to reach the skies; murder will call for vengeance, blood for blood.

(1.) Shall murdered bodies thus cry out, and murdered souls be silent? Hear, ye careless sinners, whose lips and lives cast abroad firebrands and death. Tremble, ye negligent pastors: how many immortal souls are laying their blood at your door! (2.) Where shall man flee, whose sin hath testified to his face, whose guilt is evident? To the blood of Jesus. This crieth louder for mercy, than Abel’s did for vengeance: happy the soul whose cries of sin are drowned in deeper cries of the blood of the Savior. Even a murderer need not despair.

2. God’s judgment against him: now thou art cursed. No judgment so heavy as the wrath of God, and how much more when without hope of mercy. He is spared to live upon the earth, not in prospect of repentance, but as a warning against sin; a reprobate sinner is a damned one in this world. How should we be afraid of sin, lest we provoke God to give us up to a reprobate mind, and then we are as desperate as if already shut up in the belly of hell! Two things shall make his abode here as miserable, as his prospects hereafter are terrible.

(1.) The earth shall withhold her sustenance: though tilled, it shall not yield her increase. Adam received it barren, but by sweat it brought forth fruit. Cain shall not only sweat to till, but shall find it barren still. Note, A wicked man hath the curse of God on whatever he hath and doth; and this, like the gall in the cup, embitters all.

(2.) It shall refuse him a settlement; a fugitive and a vagabond shalt thou be. He shall be cast out from the society of men, and left to wander up and down, as much a terror to himself, as an abhorrence to others. Note, This fugitive and vagabond is every sinner; he seeks to fly from himself, but guilt, like a fiend of hell, haunts him; and conscience, with a scorpion’s whip, continually scourges him.

Genesis 4:9 Commentary


THOMAS SCOTT COMMENTARY

Verse 9. The Lord soon called the murderer to account for his conduct (as he had formerly done Adam and Eve); inquiring of him, “Where his  brother Abel was?” and his answer accorded to the idea before suggested of his pride and unbelief. He denied that he knew where Abel was, as if he could conceal his crime from God himself; and he insolently demanded, whether he was his brother’s keeper!—I know not whether we are to consider this as a denial of the omniscience, or a rejection of the authority, or a defiance of the omnipotence of God; but it plainly shows that sin had hardened his heart, and blinded his understanding.

THOMAS HAWEIS COMMENTARY

Verse 9: The murder was secret, and no doubt, carefully concealed. But there is a great eye, from which nothing is hid, nothing is secret: and he in this world orders his providence often in ways almost miraculous, to bring the blood that is covered to light. God here, 1. Maketh inquisition for it by an alarming question, suited to cover him with confusion, perhaps designed to humble him to repentance. 2. His answer; false and insolent.

(1.) False, I know not. A direct and willful lie. He would fain conceal it; what folly! Can omniscience be imposed upon? One sin never comes alone; he who dared to commit murder, hesitates not to cover it with a lie. They have both the same father: thus sin ever blinds the eyes and hardens the heart.

(2.) Insolent. Am I my brother’s keeper? Who else should have been? Who so proper? Who so bound in love and duty?  Note, God justly expects of us a kind concern for our brethren; if they receive damage to body or soul, through our neglect, much more through our means, he will require it at our hands.

Genesis 4:8 Commentary


THOMAS SCOTT COMMENTARY

Verse 8. Cain concealed his murderous hatred under the mask of cordial affection, and entered into familiar converse with his brother, till he had drawn him into a place of privacy, where he took the opportunity of slaying him.

THOMAS HAWEIS COMMENTARY

Verse 8: Anger in the heart, is murder at the door: nothing is wanting but opportunity and impunity, to make every passionate man another Cain. Many were the aggravations of this foul crime. It was his brother; a brother to him ever dutiful and submissive, a person distinguished with God’s favor, and one who, unsuspicious of danger, talked with him as a friend. But what can stand before malicious envy? No doubt the time was, when Cain had started at the horrid deed; but, when once a man gives place to the devil, there is no conceiving to what a pitch of daring wickedness he may arrive.  Obsta principiis. If we would not commit murder, let us refrain from anger. Death thus began its ravages, it wages now appeared. But though his parents’ aching hearts beheld the reeking gore, I doubt not, they felt acuter pangs for living Cain, than for departed Abel. He died in faith; and from a sinner on earth, became a saint in heaven. He died a martyr; and first of that noble army received the crown: while we bewail his end, we should rejoice in his deliverance. Note, The saints of God are mortal; death must bring them down to the grave; but blessed be God for a hope, full of immortality; when they are delivered from the burden of the flesh, they will be in joy and felicity, inconceivable as eternal. What an argument to courage, if called to seal the truth with our blood, striving against sin.

Genesis 4:13-14 Commentary


THOMAS SCOTT COMMENTARY

Verses 13-15. Either Cain proudly complained of the severity with which he was to be punished, or, as some understand the words, he stated that his crime was too great to be pardoned. Thus he still manifested an unhumbled, impenitent, unbelieving heart. He considered himself as an outlaw, about to be left destitute of God’s providential protection, and driven to a distance from his worshippers and ordinances, to spend his days in  groans and terrors, till some person should meet with him and kill him. ‘Behold here a finished picture of impenitent misery; what a contrast to the fifty-first Psalm!’—Fuller. But the Lord determined that Cain should live monument and evidence of his abhorrence of murder, so that He would severely punish any one who should slay him.—Adam and Eve had very many more children than are mentioned in this brief narrative; which was principally intended to record a few important particulars, and to trace the history, from the beginning, to the time of Moses. And if, as it is generally thought, Abel was murdered but a short time before the birth of Seth, the human race might be exceedingly increased in the space of a hundred and thirty years.

THOMAS HAWEIS COMMENTARY

Verses 13-14: Cain’s punishment was less than his iniquity deserved; yet he murmurs against it, as cruel and more than he can bear. The hardened heart of man is thus ever disposed to charge God foolishly. Doth a living man dare to complain of any present burden? Let him rather stand astonished that he is out of hell.  Note, They who quarrel with the punishments of sin, as too severe, will feel them to their cost by and by; and be made to own the justice of them too. Four sore judgments were upon him; rejection from God’s face and favor, as a reprobate; expulsion from the comforts of society and the church of God; a restless and tormented conscience; and the continual and terrible fears of death. Learn, 1. The soul who departs from God, is the prey of constant disquiet: though he seeks rest, he finds none. (2.) Guilt is the source of ceaseless horror, and every prospect of death, to such an one, is big with terror and dismay.

Genesis 4:15 Commentary


THOMAS HAWEIS COMMENTARY

Verse 15: We have here God’s protection of Cain, and the mark set upon him. First, to confirm the sentence passed upon him, he is not to be executed, lest he be forgotten, but lives a standing monument of God’s vengeance against sin. We need not wonder that God does not immediately cut off daring and presumptuous sinners: he has wise ends to answer in them. Secondly, the mark was to point him out; not more to save him harmless, than to brand him infamous. This is the murderer! The mark of sin is upon every guilty soul: though secret now, the day is near when the brand of the beast will appear in the forehead, and the impenitent sinner be pointed out as the object of scorn and abhorrence to saints and angels; and be doomed to live for ever as an outcast from God, with devils in hell.

Genesis 4:16-18 Commentary


THOMAS SCOTT COMMENTARY

Verses 16-17. Cain seems entirely to have let the ordinances of God, the society of his worshippers, and the places especially favoured with the tokens of His presence. This might be at first by compulsion, in consequence of the curse denounced on him; but, continuing impenitent, he probably soon became openly irreligious, or perhaps an idolater.  Nod signifies a vagabond, or wanderer: the land of the vagabonds.—The wife of Cain is the first woman mentioned in this history, Eve only excepted. The sons and daughters of Adam and Eve must have intermarried. It is probable that Cain had been long married, and had children before these events; and that his descendants principally helped him to build a city, and formed the majority of its inhabitants.—Thus he attempted to divert his mind from serious reflection and remorse of conscience; or to attach to himself adherents, and to get a name in one way, as he had forfeited his reputation in another.

THOMAS HAWEIS COMMENTARY

Verses 16-18: We have here, according to the sentence, 1. Cain’s banishment. The presence of the Lord he no longer desired, but dreaded, and therefore sought to fly from it. He had done now with worship and sacrifices; and, as God had forsaken him, he renounces all profession of godliness, and commences vagabond. None sink so low, none grow so infamously vile, as those, who having made profession of godliness, return as the dog, to their vomit.

2. Whither he went. To the east of Eden the way the flaming cherub stood; insensible to God’s dreadful judgments, and defying them: such daring impiety being the last produce of the abandoned heart: but he found no rest. It was the land of Nod, or trembling to him wherever he was: he could not fly from himself. Let the guilty sinner never think of flying from God, but to God, if ever he hoped to find rest unto his soul.

3. His labors. To build a city; an expedient dictated by his  fears, perhaps to secure his person; or by his impiety, in hopes of disappointing the divine sentence; or by his misery, to divert his thoughts; or by his pride, to make himself distinguished: whatever a wicked man doth, his motives, pursuits, and ends, are all wrong. Learn hence, (1.) ‘Tis a sad symptom of a sinful state, when a man cannot bear his own thoughts, but must be seeking some continual engagements in order to divert his mind. (2.) The sinner seeks a fixed abode in the earth: he would set up his name and city here. To be worldly-minded, is the sure evidence of departure from God. (3.) In vain are all the attempts of the guilty: his possessions must fail, his cities moulder into dust, his name be blotted out, and death, which brings him to the judgment-seat of God, disappoint all his labors under the sun.

4. His family. The names of them are mentioned, but no good of them; they were chips of the old block; malus corvus, malum ovum; what a curse to his family is a wicked parent!

Genesis 4:25-26 Commentary


THOMAS SCOTT COMMENTARY

Verse 25. Perhaps Eve had some intimation, that this son was to be the progenitor of the promised Seed. The mention of Abel, in this connexion, was an indication of her piety, as valuing pious Abel above all her children.

THOMAS HAWEIS COMMENTARY

Verses 25-26: Great, no doubt, was Adam’s grief for his lost Abel, and greater for his rebellious Cain; but he shall not have all sorrow, and no comfort. God will, in some sort, make up the breach; though he shall have enough to awaken the remembrance of his sin and his sorrow, he shall not be left utterly destitute. 1. God gives him another son, to be the establishment of his family, and in whose house the worship of God will should be perpetuated in the room of Abel. God will never want a holy seed. Though the church be never so persecuted,  sanguis martyrum semen ecclesia: there shall still be a generation to serve him. 2. The name given him; Seth, placed or settled: and another seed, typifying that emphatical seed the Messiah; who should be placed as an ensign on a hill, and to whom should the gathering of the people be. 3. The farther increase of his family in Seth’s son, Enos, or miserable; so called, to remind us that the best of men are but miserable sinners. And now, in their seed’s seed, the beheld a comfortable prospect of the perpetuity of the true religion. For, 4. They were distinguished for their regard to God’s name and worship: they were of a different character from the irreligious offspring of Cain; they continued in prayer and public sacrifices: no doubt Adam’s children had done so from the beginning, but they now began to be more marked for it. The more the wickedness of men appears, the more should the people of God be quickened: 
‘tis high time to be zealous for God’s glory, when iniquity abounds: The margin reads, They began to be called by the name of the Lord. Perhaps a name of reproach given by the wicked sons of Cain; the godly, the precise. The people of God ever bore his name; a name of infamy on the earth, but a name of honor in heaven; the sons and daughters of the Lord Almighty.

Genesis 4:19-22 Commentary


THOMAS SCOTT COMMENTARY

Verses 18-22. The sacred historian cursorily mentions a few of Cain’s descendants, but not in that particular manner in which he afterwards gives a genealogy of the line of Seth to Noah.—Lamech is the first on record who deviated from the original institution of marriage, by taking more than one wife; and this did not occur till the earth was considerably replenished with inhabitants. Some of his sons became remarkable as the inventors of useful and ingenious arts; but no intimation is given that any of them were pious persons. ( Marg. Ref.)

THOMAS HAWEIS COMMENTARY

Verses 19-22: We have some account of one of Cain’s posterity; and as we might expect, a bad father and a worse son.

1. His taking two wives. He was the fist, probably, who had transgressed the divine institution: he began the bad custom, but better men followed him. How hard, when custom hath established sin into a law, to escape from the pollutions that are in the world!

2. His remarkable family. Wicked men often prosper, and flourish like a green bay tree for a time; but their end is, to be consumed together. Be not thou envious then, though his house be increased. We have the names and occupations of his children: (1.) Jabal, the father of shepherds, celebrated for his knowledge in breeding and keeping cattle. (2.) Jubal, a musician, and the first inventor of it. (3.) Tubal-Cain, famed for his works in brass and iron. (4.) Naamah, their sister, the beautiful, as her name signifies. It seems not improbable, in this degenerate race idolatry began; and Lamech being the Jupiter, his sons are the Pan, Apollo, and Vulcan, and his daughter the Venus of the heathens. Observe, 1. Amidst all their worldly inventions, no mention is made of God or his service: as long as the worldly mind can profit or please itself, it looks no higher. 2. Wicked men may be made very useful in their generation. 3. Though music was fist invented by a bad man, God hath made it subservient to a good end. ‘Tis a pity the professors of music should, in their conduct, choose rather to imitate the inventor Jubal, than the reformer of it, David.

Genesis 4:3-5 Commentary


THOMAS SCOTT COMMENTARY

Verses 3-5. This early use of sacrifices confirms the supposition, that the appointment of them formed a part of the gracious revelation made to Adam after his transgression.—It is indeed exceedingly difficult, in any other way, to account for the use of altars and sacrifices, in appeasing the anger of the offended Deity, which has prevailed almost in all ages and nations, and which does not appear to have its original from any deductions of human reason. But if God commanded Adam, after the fall, to shed the blood of  innocent animals, and to consume part, or the whole, of their bodies by fire; representing the punishment merited by sin, in death and after death, and prefiguring the sufferings of Christ; then the whole is natural: the original tradition was remembered, and the method of expiation practiced, long after the meaning of it was obscured or forgotten.—The apostle informs us, that “by faith Abel offered unto God a more excellent sacrifice than Cain.” Now, Cain evidently had some kind of faith in God, his Creator and providential Benefactor; and he brought an offering as an outward acknowledgment of his obligations, and expression of his gratitude: but he did not believe in the promised Saviour, nor come as a sinner to supplicate mercy through Him; and therefore he did not bring the sacrifices which prefigured the atonement. Thus he manifested an impenitent and unbelieving heart, and virtually cleaved to the violated covenant of works: and therefore he and his offering were rejected. But Abel came in faith as a sinner, according to the appointment of God; his offering was presented in sincerity, and was expressive of humility and believing obedience; and, as he sought the mercy of the new covenant though the promised Seed, he was graciously accepted; and his sacrifice was distinguished by some manifest token of divine approbation. Probably it was consumed by fire from heaven; which intimated, that deserved vengeance, consuming the sacrifice, made way for the exercise of mercy to the offender (Marg. Ref. 4.)—In all ages there have been two such descriptions of worshippers: namely, proud despisers of salvation by faith in the blood of Christ, who have attempted to please God by their own devices; and humble believers, who have found acceptance in His appointed way, and patiently endured the envy, hatred, and persecution to which this exposed them. Cain, however, instead of humbly inquiring the cause of his rejection, indulged desponding grief and malignant resentment against Abel, and even rebellion and enmity against God himself; which tormenting passions were (as they are wont to be) strongly marked on his sullen downcast countenance.

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Verses 3-5: The sons of Adam no sooner began to be grown up for labor, but we find them before the Lord. Religion was the first thing, no doubt, he taught them, and divine worship is a principal part of it.

1. They appeared, according to their vocations, with their several oblations of the fruit of the ground, and of their flock: (1.) The worship of God should be the first thing we should instill into our children; if they are brought up in the nurture of the Lord, we may have good hopes, when they come to years of discretion, to find them in his holy ways. (2.) According as the Lord hath blessed us, we are bound to honor him with our substance, whether for the support of his cause, or the relief of the distressed. He will count this done to himself. (3.) Among the worshippers of God, there will ever be found hypocrites; men forward enough to bend the knee, and give alms, and appear religious, but void of true faith; without which, it is impossible to please God. Such was Cain.

2. They were very differently regarded. Cain was rejected, while Abel offers an acceptable sacrifice. If it be asked, why? 1. Because Cain was a wicked man; his ways were displeasing to God, and therefore his sacrifice was an abomination. 2. Because he was an unbeliever; his works were his trust, and he looked to no better righteousness than his own for acceptance.  Note, The works of the self-righteous are in God’s sight the works of the ungodly, and will be rejected with abhorrence. Before we presume to approach God, let us ever remember, that our sacrifices can only be acceptable to him, when offered in the faith of Jesus Christ our Lord.

Abel’s sacrifice, on the other hand, God had respect to: 1. Because it was offered in faith; this was its commendation to his regard. It was a sacrifice of atonement in blood; implying an acknowledgment of his sin and desert, and profession of his dependence on the Redeemer to come. Note, Wherever faith in Jesus is, there God will testify his approbation of our services: though the fire of heaven do not descend upon our sacrifice, as it seems to have done on Abel’s, the fire of love will upon our heart, and bear witness of our acceptance, that we are the children of God. 2. Because it was accompanied with the offering of his heart. He was a righteous man, Mt 23:35. And as the tree was good, its fruit was holiness to the Lord. Note, There is a real difference in the characters of men: no good work can proceed but from an honest and good heart, the same faith which makes a person accepted, purifies the heart and enables it to perform an acceptable service. Be it remembered, however, who maketh us to differ, that we may not think more highly of our selves than we ought to think.

3. The effect this produced on Cain. Anger against God, as if he were unjust in his regards, and envy at his innocent brother, because of God’s favor to him, kindle in his bosom, dart from his fiery eyes, or disfigure his pale and fallen countenance. Behold a lively picture of the devil: how like is the offspring to the parent; a fallen man to a fallen angel?

Learn here, (1.) Rebukes only exasperate the un-humbled. He is filled with the fury of the Lord, as a wild bull in a net, Isa 51:20. (2.) The children of God are ever the objects of anger and envy to the children of the devil. The wicked seeth the righteous, and gnasheth upon him with his teeth, Ps 37:12. (3.) The enmity of the seeds began in Cain and Abel, and will only end with the end of time.

Genesis 4:23-24 Commentary


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Verses 23-24. Lamech appears to have been either suspicious of his wives, or desirous of obviating their apprehensions for his safety. It seems plain that he was conscious of having many enemies, whose resentment he had provoked by injuries of one kind or other: whether, therefore, he speak  affirmatively, and acknowledged that he had killed a man, though not his own brother; or interrogatively, “Have I killed a man to my hurt?” he evidently drew a comparison betwixt himself and his ancestor Cain, and flattered himself that he was much less criminal: while he seems to have abused the patience of God, in sparing Cain, into an encouragement to himself to expect impunity in sin, and to defy the vengeance of his adversaries.

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Verses 23-24: Lamech’s wickedness is further recorded. 

1. His imperiousness. His wives hear his voice and tremble.  Note, (1.) Those who marry, like Lamech, for lust, will seldom long speak the kind voice of love. (2.) The most rigorous exactor’s of others’ duty, are often the most flagrant neglectors of their own.

2. His ferocity. I have slain a man to my wounding, &c. I have done it, for the consequences; or, as sin in the margin, I would slay a man, that dared provoke or stand in my way, though I were wounded in the conflict. Bloody-minded men stick at nothing when their passions hurry them on: the accursed sin of dueling is Lamech’s spirit.

3. His presumptuous impiety. From Cain’s protection, he infers his own security, commit what crimes he would: thus wicked men wax worse and worse. Because God’s vengeance is not speedily executed, they harden themselves in the confidences of impunity: but though vengeance be slow, it is sure: their damnation slumbereth not. All we hear of Cain and his seed, is a continuance of evil; a bad beginning necessarily leads to a bad end.

Genesis 4:6-7 Commentary


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Verses 6-7. Though Cain manifested a most rebellious spirit, yet the Lord condescended to expostulate with him, and showed that he had no cause of dissatisfaction; that the hypocrisy of his heart, ad the unwarranted method of his approach, had indeed  deservedly excluded him from His gracious approbation; but that, if he came in another temper, and in the prescribed way, he too would be accepted. He further warned him, that “sin lay at the door,” ready to burst in upon him: for impenitence, and the indulgence of malignant passions, would open the way to the commission of greater crimes, which would expose him to still deeper condemnation; or the guilt of his unpardoned, because unexpiated, crimes lay at the door ready to seize on him, as a lion on his prey. Neither had Cain any cause for discontent or resentment, seeing Abel still loved him, and was ready to obey him as his elder brother, even as he had before done.—It is not said in what way the Lord spake to Cain; but it is probable that it was by some mild and familiar appearance in human form, as in many subsequent instances it was undeniably the case; for had it been with a display of terrific glory, as some suppose, it can hardly be conceived that he would have dared to answer as he afterwards did.

THOMAS HAWEIS COMMENTARY

Verses 6-7: God condescends to reason with Cain on the perverseness of his conduct. The sinner that perishes shall be left inexcusable. I stretched out my hands, but no man regarded. It were well, if on the first motions of sin in the heart, or in the first glance of the kindling eye, this question were in our thoughts, Why art thou wroth? There was no reason for it: for,

1. Acceptance was as free for him as for his brother, if he came in the same way: it was infidelity and disobedience only that excluded him; but that moment if he returned, he should find favor: bring the sacrifice of faith, it should be welcome, and go and sin no more.  Note, God is ever ready to receive the returning sinner; may his goodness lead us to repentance. ‘Tis a fearful thing to abuse it, and thereby to treasure up wrath against the day of wrath.

But, 2. If he persisted in his evil, his unbelief and envious wrath, he must expect to be rejected, and judgment would proceed against him. Be assured, sooner or later, God will punish. Woe to that sinner, at whose door, in an hour of death, and in a day of judgment, un-pardoned sin is found.

3. God assures him, as Abel was his younger, he should also be his inferior. God designed not to degrade him from his birth-right, though his sin deprived him of the blessing: remember, dominion is not founded in grace: the gifts of God’s special favor alter not the distinctions of his providence. Religion never taught a man disloyalty, or disrespect for his superiors, but the want of it. The best Christians are ever the most submissive subjects, the most dutiful children, and most respectful servants.

Genesis 4:1-2 Commentary


THOMAS SCOTT COMMENTARY

 Verses 1-2. The word, translated  gotten, means acquired or possessed, and generally implies a high valuation of the acquisition. It is thus used in two remarkable texts, De 32:6; Pr 8:22. Probably, therefore, Eve concluded that this was the promised Seed; and indeed some think the words may be rendered, “I have acquired a MAN, even JEHOVAH.” If so, the subsequent events must have been a most distressing disappointment. On the other hand, the name given to Abel (vanity) seems to imply, that far inferior expectations were formed respecting him. And if Cain (Possession) was early taught to consider himself as entitled, by his birth-right, to the special favour and blessing of God, it might greatly tend to nourish in him that proud, malignant, and envious spirit, which produced the fatal consequences recorded in this chapter.

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Genesis Chapter 4. - Before Christ, 4004-3875

 We have here, 1. The birth names, and callings of Cain and Abel, ver. 1, 2. 2. Their religion and different success in it, ver. 3, 4. and part of ver. 5. 3. Cain’s anger at God, and the reproof of him for that anger, ver. 5, 6, 7. 4. Cain’s murder of his brother and the process against him for that murder, ver. 9-16. 5. The family and posterity of Cain, ver. 17-24. 6. The birth of another son and grandson of Adam, ver. 25, 26.

Verses 1-2: We have an account in theses verses of the children of Adam: two are only mentioned.

1. Cain the eldest: his name signifies possession, and his birth was a cause of joy. A man child was gotten from the Lord, the fond mother hoped for the Lord also. Note, Parents are apt to promise themselves too much from their children, and that makes the disappointment the heavier.

2. Abel; that is, vanity. Perhaps in comparison with his brother, he was lightly esteemed, as his name imports. The partiality of parents is often sinful; and in the issue, the disregarded child proves their blessing, and the darling their plague. Note, Man in his fallen state, fitly may be called Abel, for he is altogether lighter than vanity itself.

3. Their employment. Adam brought not up his sons in idleness, but honest industry; one a shepherd, the other as a husbandman. Learn hence, (1.) The shepherd and the ploughman ought not to repine at their laborious calling; it is the most ancient, and was reckoned among the most honorable. (2.) Fathers have a right to choose a calling for their children, and it is their duty to be diligent and industrious in it.

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Genesis 2:10-14 Commentary


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Verses 10-14. From the well-known  names of the Hiddekel or Tigris, and the Euphrates, we determine that the garden of Eden was situated in or near Mesopotamia; and some learned men have supposed, that almost the precise spot may be ascertained; but this is doubtful. It is supposed, that the Tigris and Euphrates met and united their streams at the garden of Eden, and that below all these are called heads. It is evident that Moses intended to give an intelligible description of the situation of Eden to his countrymen; who might doubtless, by attending to the several particulars here mentioned, find the precise spot, though we cannot: and notwithstanding the subsequent convulsions during the deluge, which must have greatly changed the face of the country, it is evident that the Tigris and Euphrates continued nearly the same course after that catastrophe as before.

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